| |
| |
|
| |
WHAT WE BELIEVE |
Multiple Intelligences Theory |
| |
General Intelligence (IQ) To Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
To
Multiple Intelligences (MI) |
| |
Traditionally, Intelligence has been defined as "a single mental ability used in all problem solving" more commonly referred to as IQ -Charles Spearman, 1904
Until recently, it was believed that Intelligence is a single entity. People are born with certain amount of intelligence. It is difficult to alter the amount of intelligence. It was believed that Psychologists can determine IQ by administering IQ test or simpler kinds of instruments like Alfred Binet and Testing.
Then came the idea of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) put forth in the work of many scientists in 1900's. Daniel Goleman popularized the idea of emotional intelligence in his 1995 book on "Emotional Intelligence." According to Goleman, Emotional Intelligence is "the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others and of groups." The four major areas under emotional intelligences are- 1) Self-Awareness 2) Self Management 3) Social Awareness 4) Social Skills. |
| |
| |
Multiple Intelligences |
|
 |
| |
| |
Dr. Howard Gardner, a Cognitive Scientist at Harvard University conducted research between 1970 to1980 and he put forth the theory of multiple intelligences. After the research, he came up with his publication called "Frames of Mind – The theory of multiple intelligences" in 1983, which started popularizing the idea of multiple intelligences.
His findings were based on various criteria such as-
• Evolutionary Biology
• Anthropology
• Development and cognitive psychology
• Neurophysiology
• Psychometrics
According to Gardner- "An intelligence is a psycho-biological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture." This potential is capable of being realized to a greater or lesser extent as a consequence of the experiential, cultural and motivational factors that affect a person.
Howard Gardner has identified eight intelligences, which all of us possess in varying degrees. Emotional intelligence just caters to two of the intelligences put forth by Gardner- Interpersonal and Intrapersonal. |
| |
| |
| |
Intelligence
Give a related
image with name of
each intelligence |
|
|
|
Definition |
|
|
|
People who exhibit
this intelligence |
| |
Linguistic |
|
|
|
Sensitivity to the
meaning and
order of words |
|
|
|
Winston Churchill, J.K Rowling,
Rabindranath Tagore,
William Shakespeare, Ruskin Bond |
| |
Musical |
|
|
|
Sensitivity to pitch,
melody, rhythm
and tone |
|
|
|
Ray Charles, Mozart, Beethoven,
Lata Mangeshkar, A.R.Rahman,
Zakir Hussain |
| |
Logical-
Mathematical |
|
|
|
The ability to handle
chains of reasoning
and to recognize
patterns and order |
|
|
|
Bill Gates, Stephen Hawking,
Aryabhatta, Vishwanathan Anand,
Shakuntala Devi, Albert Einstein |
| |
Spatial |
|
|
|
The ability to perceive
the world accurately
and to recreate or transform
aspects of that world |
|
|
|
Michael Jordan, M.F. Hussain,
Walt Disney, Galileo Galilei |
| |
Bodily-
Kinesthetic |
|
|
|
The ability to use the
body skillfully and
handle objects adroitly
|
|
|
|
Sachin Tendulkar, Tiger Woods,
Abhinav Bindra, PC Sarkar (Magician) |
| |
Interpersonal |
|
|
|
The ability to
understand people
and relationships |
|
|
|
Charles Darwin, Oprah Winfrey,
Mahatma Gandhi, Barkha Dutt,
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
| |
Intrapersonal |
|
|
|
Access to one's emotional
life as a means to
understand oneself
and others |
|
|
|
Colin Powell, Martin Luther King Jr.,
Dalai Lama, Osho, Swami Vivekananda |
| |
Naturalistic |
|
|
|
The ability to recognize
and classify the
numerous species,
the flora and fauna,
of an environment |
|
|
|
Anne Frank, Charles Darwin,
Medha Patkar, R.K. Pachauri |
|
| |
| |
All of us possess all of the eight intelligences in varying degrees. Some of us are naturally stronger in particular intelligences and weaker in other. However, with experience and training we can develop our weaker areas.
Any profession needs the use of more than one intelligence. Example- To become a good scientist, one requires a high level of Logical-Mathematical, Naturalistic, Intrapersonal and Linguistic intelligences. Even Interpersonal, Bodily-kinesthetic, Spatial and Musical intelligences are required at different times in a scientist's work.
Hence, we need to focus on helping children to discover their own intelligence profiles, and develop in each of the eight intelligences. Ultimately, they can also choose professions according to their area of strength and interest. |
|
|
| |
| |
Multiple Intelligences and Education |
|
| |
Schools around the world have now started looking at children and the curriculum through the lens of Multiple Intelligences. They have found that it can benefit a wide range of students, from slow learners to gifted, by applying the eight areas of intelligence to the classroom. Thus, it has spread far and wide now. |
| |
|
| |
It has been very useful in the following ways:- |
| |
|
• |
Belief In Each Child's Potential- |
|
|
• |
MI fits with the existing philosophy of most educators that all children can learn & we need to focus on their wholesome development. |
| |
• |
Multiple Teaching Methods- |
|
|
• |
MI validates what teachers already know – All students do not learn the same way and we need to evolve practices to fit different learning approaches of students. |
| |
• |
Professional Development for Teachers- |
|
|
• |
MI provides vocabulary and common understanding for many terms to educators. |
|
• |
MI helps teachers to extend their practice with the help of colleagues by 'thinking' together. |
| |
According to Gardner, an MI school has the following characteristics: |
• |
Differences among children are taken seriously, |
• |
Knowledge about differences is shared with children and parents, |
• |
Children gradually assume responsibility for their own learning, and |
• |
Wide variety of teaching and assessment methods- materials that are worth knowing are presented in ways that afford each child the maximum opportunity to master those materials and to show others (and themselves) what they have learned and understood. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Books by Howard Gardner for further reading: |
| |
|
| 1. |
Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences |
| 2. |
Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice |
| 3. |
Five Minds for The Future |
| 4. |
The Unschooled Mind: How Children Think and How Schools Should Teach |
| 5. |
The Disciplined Mind: Beyond Facts and Standardized Tests, the K-12 Education That Every Child Deserves |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
| |
 |
|
| Our Educational Initiatives |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
|
